Equality for Lesbians and Gay Men: A relevant issue in the EU Accession process, ILGA, 2001
This report prepared by International Gay and Lesbian Association provides an overview on legal and social situation of gays and lesbians in EU accession countries. It includes 15 county reports. Available in English on: http://www.ilga-europe.org

6. Human Rights Institution-Building: A handbook on establishing and sustaining Human Rights Organizations. The Fund for Peace in association with The Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights, 1994. 73 A4-format pages.
A practical guide for human rights organizations which may be of use for lesbian and gay NGOs. Copies may be obtained from the Fund for Peace, e-mail <ffpeace@igc.apc.org>.

9. Minot, Leslie Ann. Conceiving Parenthood: Parenting and the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people and their children. San Francisco: International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission, 2000.
Available for sale at www.iglhrc.org/publications/books/index.html

11. Overcoming Heterosexism and Homophobia: Strategies that work. James T. Sears Walter L. Williams (Editors). Columbia University Press, 1997. 448 pages. ISBN: 0231104235.
Providing strategies for educators, counselors, community activists and leaders, and others in the lesbian and gay community, the contributors discuss role-playing exercises, suggestions for dialogue, methods of "coming out", and outlines for workshops.

12. Pharr, Suzanne. Homophobia: A weapon of sexism. 2^nd edition. Chardon Press, 1997. 125 pages. ISBN: 1890759015.
A concise handbook for activists and educators.

15. Stigma and Sexual Orientation: Understanding prejudice against lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals. Gregory.M. Herek (Editor). Sage Publications, 1998. 288 pages. ISBN: 0803953852.
Eleven contributions address topics such as the nature of anti-gay prejudice, homophobia in the courtroom, voter attitudes, minority stress, internalized homophobia, developmental implications, psychosocial and legal perspectives of gay parenting, and in conclusion, the critical need for psychology and social science to confront homophobia.

16. The Third Pink Book: A global view of lesbian and gay liberation and oppression. Aart Hendriks, Rob Tielman, and Evert van der Veen, (editors) New York: Prometheus Books, 1993. ISBN: 0-87975-265-9. 349 pages.
Essays describing the specific sociopolitical environment for gays and lesbians are combined with a country-by-country survey providing concise information on the legal and social situations of gay men and women internationally, and a review of gay movements. The way gay groups are organized, the priorities of their agendas, the importance of the HIV epidemic for their work, the cooperation between women and men, and their integration in the international movement all reflect the social, legal, and political climate toward homosexuality in the countries concerned, including the emerging nations of Eastern Europe.

17. Unspoken Rules: Sexual orientation and women’s human rights. Rachel Rosenbloom (editor). Cassell Academic, 1996. 272 pages. ISBN: 0304337641.
This book documents human rights violations against women in 30 countries around the world and discusses the strategies that lesbian activists and other human rights advocates have employed to challenge such oppression. Placing lesbian rights within the framework of the broader struggle for women's human rights, this book demonstrates how both are linked in substantive ways.

18. Vaid, Urvashi. Virtual Equality: The mainstreaming of gay and lesbian liberation. Anchor Books, Doubleday, 1995. 440 pages. ISBN: 0385472994.
Vaid defines the current status of gay America as one of "virtual equality", a state of conditional equality based more on the appearance of acceptance by straight America, rather than actual civil equality.

19. Wintemute, Robert. Sexual Orientation and Human Rights. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997. 334 pages, ISBN: 0198264887
"Lesbian and gay rights are human rights!" Is this just a political slogan to be chanted outside legislatures? Or are there legal arguments to support the claim that the right to be free from sexual orientation discrimination is a human right? In particular, can national constitutions or international human rights treaties be interpreted as prohibiting discrimination against same-sex activity, gay, lesbian and bisexual individuals, and same-sex couples? Robert Wintemute examines three of the most commonly used arguments in favour of such an interpretation: sexual orientation is an "immutable status", sexual orientation is a "fundamental choice" (or part of "privacy"), and sexual orientation discrimination is sex discrimination.

20. We Are Everywhere: A historical source book of gay and lesbian politics. Mark Blasius & Shane Phelan (Editors). Routledge, 1995. 844 pages. ISBN: 0415908590.
Presenting political, historical, legal, and literary documents that trace the evolution of the lesbian and gay movement, this edited volume uses key primary sources to construct a record of the issues, struggles, and challenges surrounding the politics of homosexuality, from the beginning of the movement in the late 19th century, through to the AIDS epidemic.

23. Borhek, Mary V. Coming Out to Parents: A two-way survival guide for lesbians and gay men and their parents. 2^nd edition. Cleveland: Pilgrim Press/United Church Press, 1994. 308 pages. ISBN: 0829809570.
Listed by American Bookseller as "among the most important gay and lesbian books that should be represented in any general bookstore," Borhek's original edition of this book (1983) has also been praised as "sound, sympathetic, and helpful" (St. Luke's Journal of Theology). In this thorough revision, Borhek brings an additional decade of personal experience to bear on the subject of coming out.

25. Fairchild, Betty and Nancy Hayward. Now That You Know: A parent's guide to understanding their gay and lesbian children. Harcourt Brace, 3rd ed. 1998. 288 pages. ISBN: 0156006057
A guide, written by two mothers of gay children, which discusses the nature of homosexuality and works toward helping both children and parents understand the experience of the other. The book addresses questions faced by the parents of homosexuals, such as acceptance and affirmation, pressing health and emotional issues, AIDS, religion and the concept of gay/lesbian marriages.

26. Gay and Lesbian Mental Health: A source book for practitioners. Christopher J. Alexander (Editor). Harrington Park Press, 1998. 251 pages. ISBN: 1560239360.
Covers eleven principal issues that gays and lesbians may face during their lifetimes, and provides ways for their improvement: parenting, coming out, self-image, adolescence, parental guidance of homosexual children, eating disorders, aging, dual needs of ethnic homosexuals, need and use of support groups, spirituality, and partners of adult survivors of child sexual abuse.

27. Isay, Richard A. Becoming Gay: The journey to self-acceptance. Henry Holt & Company, 1997. 224 pages. ISBN: 0805053158.
Drawing on his own odyssey from denial to acceptance, and the experiences of his patients, a psychiatrist discusses the psychological evolution of gay men from private feelings to open discussion of gay identity.

28. Isay, Richard, Being Homosexual: Gay men and their development. William Morrow, 1990. 176 pages. ISBN: 0380710226.
In the first book to define the passages in a gay man's life, Isay argues that homosexuality is present from the earliest years of childhood and is constitutional in origin. He brings a neo-Freudian perspective to a discussion of gay relationships, homoerotic fantasies, bisexuality and the effects of the AIDS epidemic on gay men's emotional development.

29. Kaufman, G; Raphael, L. Coming Out of Shame: Transforming gay and lesbian lives. Doubleday, 1996. 287 pages. ISBN: 0385477961.
Examining how and why shame becomes internalised, this book offers strategies for healing, enhancing self-esteem, building identity, and developing intimacy.

30. The Lives of Lesbians, Gays, and Bisexuals: Children to adults. Ritch Savin-Williams, William R. Savin & Kenneth M. Cohen (Editors). Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1997. 493 pages.
The various authors examine issues faced by lesbians, gay men and bisexuals from conception to death. A resource for students, educators, researchers and therapists.

33. Pink Therapy: A guide for counselors and therapists working with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients. Dominic Davies & Charles Neal (Editors). Open University Press / Taylor & Francis, 1996. ISBN: 0335191452
The first British guide for counselors and therapists working lesbian, gay or bisexual patients, the book provides an overview of lesbian, gay and bisexual psychology and proposes a model of gay affirmative therapy that challenges the prevailing pathologizing models.

34. Ryan, Caitlin C. & Donna Futterman. Lesbian and Gay Youth: Care and counseling. Columbia University Press, 1998. 175pp. ISBN: 0231111916.
A practical guide for providing health and mental health care to lesbian and gay youth and young adults, relevant for any age group. In addition to specific guidelines for care and for approaching such sensitive topics as sexual behavior, abuse, and suicide, the book includes a comprehensive review of the literature and up-to-date information for care providers, researchers, educators, and general readers.

36. Vargo, Marc E. Acts of Disclosure: The coming out process of contemporary gay men. New York: Harrington Park Press, 1998. 243 pages (small format). ISBN 9638128496.
Using research studies and personal narratives, Vargo discusses the stages of coming out and offers advice to gay men in the process, as well as to their friends and colleagues. In addition to other topics, the book also addresses involuntary "outing" and disclosure in the era of AIDS. (Already published in Hungarian.)

39. Boswell, John. Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality: Gay people in Western Europe from the beginning of the Christian era to the 14th century. University of Chicago Press, 1982. 424 pages. ISBN: 0226067114.
John Boswell's classic study of the history of attitudes toward homosexuality in the Christian West challenges received opinion and our own preconceptions about the Church's past relationship to its gay members, among whom were priests, and even bishops and canonized saints. The historical breadth of Boswell's research (from the Greeks to Aquinas) and the variety of sources consulted (legal, literary, theological, artistic, and scientific) open up a new area of historical inquiry and help elucidate the origins and operations of intolerance as a social force.

40. Dover, K.J. Greek Homosexuality. Harvard University Press, 1989. 288 pages. ISBN: 0674362705.
The ancient Greeks have for centuries been regarded as Western Culture's cultural and intellectual ancestors. But throughout generations of education in ancient Greek philosophy, drama, poetry, politics, and art, a crucial aspect of the ancient Greek world has come to be overlooked, avoided, distorted, or denied--the role of the homosexual relationship. K.J. Dover's thorough study is a landmark in the opening of the issue to the public.

42. Faderman, Lilian. Surpassing the Love of Men: Romantic friendship and love between women from the Renaissance to the present. New York: William Morrow/London: The Women’s Press, 1981. 496 pages. ISBN 0-7043-3977-3.
A work of cultural history which draws on a broad base of sources, from private correspondence to pornography, to explore five hundred years of friendship and love between women, and sheds new light on shifting theories of female sexuality and the changing status of women over the centuries.

43. Hacker, Hanna. Gewalt ist: Keine Frau oder eine Geschichte der Transgressionen. Facetten / Ulrike Helmer Verlag 1998. ISBN 3-89741-008-7.

44. Hallett, Nicky. Lesbian Lives: Identity and auto/biography in the 20th century. Pluto Press, 1999. 240 pages. ISBN: 0745311318.
Nicky Hallett explores the broader context of gender, sexuality, race and the construction of identity through cultural representations of lesbianism and the personal testimony of individuals, including Virginia Woolf, Alice B. Toklas, Gertrude Stein, Vita Sackville-West and Radclyffe Hall. An investigation into the ways in which lesbians represent themselves and are represented by others in the ‘factual’ modes of non-fiction.

45. Halperin, David. One Hundred Years of Homosexuality, and other essays on Greek love. Routledge, 1989. 230 pages. ISBN: 0415900972
"Halperin's book carries out, with careful scholarly arguments and a judicious, wide-ranging use of the evidence, the project Michel Foucault mapped out in the second volume of his History of Sexuality; to shed light on the historical contingency and the non-naturalness of our current categories of sexual experience by confronting them with a detailed picture of a very different organization of sexual desire and activity. Clear and incisive, these essays are probably the best available introduction for the general reader to the issues raised by Foucault's work." – Martha Nussbaum, Times Literary Supplement

46. Hidden From History: Reclaiming the gay and lesbian past. Meridian Books, 1990. 579 pages. ISBN: 0452010675
By exploring homosexuality in a wide range of times and places, the 30 essays in this ground-breaking anthology suggest that definitions of "normal" sexuality differ widely from one culture to the next. Contributions deal with women who passed as men in 19th-century America, Russia's gay literature and subculture since the 1917 revolution, "mine marriages" in South Africa's gold mines, and San Francisco's gay community. There are essays on lesbian sexuality in medieval Europe, among American Indian tribes, and in avant-garde Paris. The contributors explore the complex interplay between same-sex relationships, definitions of self and societal attitudes toward homosexuality.

47. Homosexualitat in der NS-Zeit : Dokumente einer Diskriminierung und Verfolgung. Edited by Günter Grau; with a contribution by Claudia Schoppmann. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, 1993. 373 pages. ISBN 3-596-11254-0.
This book of documents traces the anti-homosexual policies of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and their consequences, including a contribution from Grau on gay men in concentration camps and an essay by historian Claudia Schoppmann on "The Position of Lesbian Women in the Nazi Period." (Published in English in 1997 as The Hidden Holocaust? Gay and lesbian persecution in Germany 1933-1945.)

50. Miller, Neil. Out of the Past: Gay and lesbian history from 1869 to the present. London: Vintage, 1995. 660 pages. ISBN: 0099576910.
A history of homosexuality around the world since 1869, drawing on the experience of unknown people as well as celebrities such as Oscar Wilde, Walt Whitman, James Baldwin and Martina Navratilova.

52. Monette, Paul. Becoming a Man: Half a life story. HarperSanFrancisco, 1992. 288 pages. ISBN: 0062507249.
A National Book Award-winning autobiography. Although it follows the traditional structure of the autobiography -- early family life, education, reflections on how art influenced the subject's view of life--Becoming a Man also filters Monette's story through two central facts: the closet and AIDS. Monette writes of the pain of being closeted, the effect it had on his writing, and how it shaped (and often destroyed) his relationships.

53. Norton, Rictor. The Myth of the Modern Homosexual: Queer history and the search for cultural unity. Cassell Academic, 1998. 288 pages. ISBN: 0304338923.
Cultural historian Rictor Norton critiques the widespread doctrine that 'the homosexual' is a distinctive new species invented in the modern age. Norton attacks the social constructionist theories that currently dominate lesbian and gay studies, and argues the case that queers are a part of a centuries-old history, possessing a unified historical, cultural identity, thus unashamedly siting himself within the 'essentialist' camp.

56. Robinson, Paul A. Gay Lives: Homosexual autobiography from John Addington Symonds to Paul Monette. University of Chicago Press, 1999. 456 pages. ISBN: 0226721809.
Robinson shows how these authors struggled to cope with their sexuality and to reconcile it with prevailing conceptions of masculinity, as well as the choices each man made to accommodate himself to society's homophobia or live in protest against his oppression. Robinson also discovers national patterns among them as he explores the English obsession with social class and the French association of homosexual attraction with geographical or racial difference.

57. Rupp, Leila J. A Desired Past: A short history of same-sex love in America. University of Chicago Press, 1999. 224 pages. ISBN: 0226731553.
Rupp presents a highly accessible synthesis of the work of many historians who have investigated same-sex sexuality. Providing brief accounts of the lives of people throughout American history who in some way demonstrated same-sex desire, from early Native Americans to Walt Whitman and through the aftermath of the Stonewall riot, she offers explanation and analysis of how these people and their experiences reveal prevailing attitudes toward homosexuality in the times and places they lived.

58. Abelove, Henri, Michael Aina Barale and David M. Halperin, eds.: The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader, Routledge, New York,1993, 666p., ISBN 0415905192
Fourty two esseys by international scholars in 7 parts: Politics & Representation; Spectacular Logic; Subjectivity, Discourse, Resistance; The Uses of the Erotic; Collective Identities/ Dissident Identities; Between the Pages

60. Bech, Henning. When Men Meet: Homosexuality and modernity. (English translation of Nar Moend Modes, trans. by Teresa Mesquit and Tim Davis.) Polity Press, 1996, 300 pages, ISBN: 0745615597
This work proposes a novel interpretation of the nature of masculinity and its connections with homosexuality. For sociologist Henning Bech, the image of the male homosexual has become emblematic of the modern urban condition, in which freedom and mobility contend with transience and superficiality, in which possibility, energy, and engagement vie with uncertainty and restlessness. In this frankly provocative critique, Bech examines the distinctive relationship between urban modernism and the gay experience, exploring in its growing ramifications for the cultural mainstream.

61. Bersani, Leo. Homos. Harvard University Press, 1995. 218 pages. ISBN 0674406192.
Bersani studies the historical, political, and philosophical grounds for the current distrust within the gay community, self-identifying moves and the paradoxical desire to be invisibly visible. While acknowledging the dangers of any kind of group identification, Bersani argues for a bolder presentation of what it means to be gay.

62. Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. Routledge, 1990. 256 pages. ISBN: 0415924995.
Gender Trouble is a critique of the notion of fixed gender identities said to be rooted in nature, bodies, or a necessary heterosexuality. Judith Butler critically engages the work of Lacan, Freud, Beauvoir, Irigary, Kristeva, Wittig, Foucault and others to develop an original 'performative theory of gender'.

63. Card, Claudia. Lesbian Choices. Columbia University Press, 1995. 310 pages. ISBN 0231080093.
"[This book is] a welcome addition to the small philosophical literature on lesbian and gay life, particularly because of its breadth and careful philosophical analysis. . . . In addition to fruitfully using and critiquing literature central to lesbian-feminist philosophy, Claudia Card applies Wittgenstein's concept of family resemblances to articulate multiple genealogies of lesbian identity (Amazonian, Sapphic, and passionate friendships), develops Aristotle's analysis of 'true' friendship, critiques Nietzsche's account of the origin of slave morality, . . . and relies on Rawls's concept of institutions to ask which institutions support or undermine lesbian life. Her philosophical analyses of both battering and homophobia are particularly insightful." - Cheshire Calhoun, Ethics

64. Dejean, Jean. Fictions of Sappho, 1546-1937. University of Chicago Press, 1989. 383 pages. ISBN: 0226141365
A history of how succeeding generations of writers have understood and appropriated Sappho's ambiguity. DeJean considers translations of the Greek poet and fictional versions of Sappho as heterosexual, homosexual, virgin, and whore.

65. De Lauretis, Teresa (1994). The Practice of Love: Lesbian sexuality and perverse desire. Indiana University Press, 1994. 331 pages. ISBN: 0253208785.
Drawing on Freudian texts, feminist debates and Lacanian thought, de Lauretis contends that psychoanalysis can be used creatively to understand lesbian sexuality. To this end, she adopts a strategy of reversal characteristic of contemporary feminist theory: rather than rejecting Freud's idea of perversion, de Lauretis reappropriates it, so that ‘perverse’ means not pathological but rather nonheterosexual.

67. Dollimore, Jonathan. Sexual Dissidence: Augustine to Wilde, Freud to Foucault. Oxford University Press, 1991. 388 pages. ISBN: 0198112696.
"The author sees the idea of perversion as central to ‘a fierce dialectic between domination and deviation, law and desire, transgression and conformity; a dialectic working through repression, demonizing, displacement, and struggle’. . . . He examines opposing concepts of homosexual identity: the essentialist versus the constructionist, . . . exemplified in Gide and Wilde; and differing ideas of 'perversion' in two prime influences in Christian theology and in psychology, Augustine and Freud." --Times Literary Supplement

68. Duttmann, Alexander Garcia: Zwischen den Kuturen [Between Cultures. Tensions in the Struggle for Recognition], English edition by Verso, London, 2000, 245 p., ISBN 1859842739

69. Fichte, Hubert. Homosexualitaet und Literatur. Frankfurt am Main: S. Fischer Verlag, 1987. 400 pages.
An active presence in contemporary German letters, Hubert Fichte reveals a concern with expression or repression sexualities by the producers and the receivers of marginalized, often-reviled texts and textual scenes in Western European literature. (A selection of Fichte’s writing is also available in English as The Gay Critic. The University of Michigan Press, 1996. ISBN 0-472-08340-6).

70. Hocquenghem, Guy. Le Desir homosexuel. Paris, Editions universitaires, 1972. 125 pages.
"Written in the aftermath of May '68 and Stonewall, Hocquenghem's Homosexual Desire may well be the first example of what we now call queer theory. But its significance is more than historical: it remains an indispensable analysis of, and polemic against, institutionalized homophobia." -- Douglas Crimp (Published in English by Duke University Press as Homosexual Desire, 2^nd ed., 1993.)

72. Inside/Out: Lesbian theories, gay theories Diana Fuss (Editor). Routledge, 1991. 429 pages. ISBN: 0415902371.
A collection of original papers dealing with issues and questions relating to lesbians, gays, and sexuality in late 20th-century Western society. Divided into five sections, the book contains essays on gender identity, the arts, the body, AIDS, and education. With contributions by leading queer scholars (Butler, Edelman, Miller, Dyer, Watney, et al.)

73. Jagose, Annamarie. Queer Theory: An introduction. New York University Press, 1996. 160 pages. ISBN: 0814742343.
Jagose provides a concise explanation of queer theory, tracing it as part of a history of same-sex love over the last century. Interrogating the arguments of supporters and opponents of queer theory, Jagose suggests that its strength lies in its questioning of the very idea of sexual identities. Blending insights from prominent queer theorists such as Judith Butler and David Halperin, Jagose argues that queer theory's challenge is to create new ways of thinking, not only about fixed sexual identities such as heterosexual and homosexual, but also about other supposedly essential notions such as "sexuality" and "gender" and even "man" and "woman".

74. Kaplan, Morris B. Sexual Justice: Democratic citizenship and the politics of desire. Routledge, 1996. 256 pages. ISBN: 041590515X
In an original contribution to contemporary social and political thought, Kaplan argues that democratic equality entails for all citizens, of whatever sexual persuasion or orientation, the ability to participate on the same terms as others in collectively shaping the conditions of common life.

75. Kosofsky Sedgwick, Eve. Epistemology of the Closet. University of California Press, 1992.
Since the late 1980s, queer studies and theory have become vital to the intellectual life of the U.S., in part due to the popularity of Sedgwick’s Epistemology of the Closet. Working from classic texts of European and American writers – including Herman Melville, Henry James, Marcel Proust, and Oscar Wilde—Sedgwick delineates a historical moment in which sexual identity became as important a demarcation of personhood as gender had been for centuries.

76. The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader. Abelove, Barale & Halperin, eds. New York, London: Routledge, 1993. 800 pages. ISBN 0415905192.
A comprehensive multi-disciplinary anthology of critical work in lesbian and gay studies. Bringing together 42 essays, this collection provides an introduction to the state of lesbian/gay studies, illustrating the range, diversity, and power of the work currently being done in the field. Addresses topics such as butch-fem roles, the cultural construction of gender, lesbian separatism, feminist theory, AIDS, safe-sex education, colonialism, S/M, Oscar Wilde, Gertrude Stein, children's books, black nationalism, popular films, Susan Sontag, the closet, homophobia, Freud, Sappho, the media, the "hijras" of India, Robert Mapplethorpe, and the politics of representation. It also contains an extensive bibliographical essay. N.B.: separate letters of permission from each copyright holder may be required.

77. Lorde, Audre. Sister Outsider: Essays and speeches. Crossing Press, 1984. 190 pages. ISBN: 0895941414.
This is an essential collection of fifteen non-fiction prose pieces by this major black lesbian feminist author exploring issues of women, racism, and self-acceptance. Audre Lorde writes from the fabric of her life: black woman, lesbian, feminist, activist, daughter of immigrant parents, mother of a biracial child, cancer survivor. Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches explores ways of increasing empowerment among minority women and the need for women to candidly deal with racism, sexism, and classism.

78. Moore, Henrietta L. A Passion for Difference: Essays in anthropology and gender. Indiana University Press, 1994. 177 pages. ISBN: 025320951X
Moore examines the limitations of the theoretical languages used by anthropologists and others in writing about sex, gender, and sexuality. She reviews recent feminist debates on the body and the notion of the non-universal human subject, and pursues a series of related themes, including the links between gender, identity, and violence.

79. Phelan, Shane. Getting Specific: Postmodern lesbian politics. University of Minnesota Press, 1994. 256 pages. ISBN: 0816621098.
Whereas feminist theory divides between two strategies, one based on equality (or sameness) and the other on difference, this book proposes a new approach: specificity. Here Phelan offers an alternative, a "democratic identity politics," which recognizes the specifics of human experience and at the same time accounts for alliances and communities. Getting specific, she suggests, allows us to discover the networks of meaning and power that shape our lives and to discern and respect genuine individuality.

80. Rich, Adrienne. On Lies, Secrets and Silence: Selected prose, 1966-1978. W.W.Norton, 1979. 310 pages. ISBN: 0393312852.
A classic collection of important early prose writings by one of America's foremost poets and feminist theorists. On Lies, Secrets, and Silence is an extraordinary sort of travel diary, documenting Rich's journeys to the frontier and into the interior. It traces the development of one individual consciousness, including issues such as motherhood, racism, history, poetry, the uses of scholarship and the politics of language.

83. Encyclopedia of Lesbian History and Cultures (Encyclopedia of Lesbian and Gay Histories and Cultures, Vol 1). Bonnie Zimmerman & George Haggerty (Editors). New York: Garland Publishing, 1999. ISBN: 0815319207.

84. Encyclopedia of Gay History and Cultures (Encyclopedia of Lesbian and Gay Histories and Cultures , Vol 2). Bonnie Zimmerman & George Haggerty (Editors). New York: Garland Publishing, 1999. ISBN: 0815318804.

86. Hogan, Steve and Lee Hudson. Completely Queer: The gay and lesbian encyclopedia. Henry Holt & Co. 1998. 672 pages. ISBN 0805060316.
Approximately 600 articles arranged in alphabetical format attempt to "encircle" Queerness, focusing primarily on the accomplishments of Western, self-identified gays and lesbians in the 1970s-1990s, with forays into the pre-Stonewall past. Plentiful photographs, cross references and a simple writing style make the work accessible and easy to read. (NB: the book contains many illustrations, each of which may have a different copyright holder; it may be necessary to acquire permission for each of them separately.