DAVID, Henriette. “Nouvelles de l’etranger: Allemagne.” Etudes
Tsiganes 19, nos. 1-2 (1973): p.75.
This article records an ethnic clash between
Germans and Roma, underlining continuing anti-Roma sentiment in Germany.
GEIGES, Anita, and Bernhard WETTE. Zigeuner Heute: Verfolgung und Diskriminierung
in der BRD: eine Anklageschrift. Bornheim-Merten: Lamuv-Verlag, 1979.
This is an account of the German Roma’s sufferings,
rationalized as a result of the social and cultural differences between
the marginalized Roma and the dominant German societies.
HANCOCK, Ian. “Gypsy History in Germany and Neighboring Lands: A Chronology
Leading to the Holocaust and Beyond,” in David M. Crowe and John Kolsti,
eds., The Gypsies of Eastern Europe. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1991.
This excellent chronological overview traces
the history of mistreatment of the Roma from the time of their arrival
in the German states in the early 15th century through 1989. Seen through
the detailed chronology, the Holocaust seems as though it was almost a
natural outcome of centuries of destructive and sometimes deadly, anti-Roma
policy and practice. This fine essay is anchored by detailed footnotes.
Human Rights Watch. Foreigners Out: Xenophobia and Right-Wing
Violence in Germany. New York: Human Rights Watch Report, October 1992.
This survey looks at the rise of neo-Nazi and
other extremists groups in Germany after the collapse of communism and
reunification. Among the victims of this upwelling of extremism are the
Roma, many of them recent arrivals who fled to Germany in hopes of avoiding
similar treatment in Eastern Europe and the Balkans.
KOPF, Peter. Sinti und Roma. Munich: Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, 1994.
This study about the German Roma and their current
problems compares their pre- and post-war treatment.
MACARTNEY, Robert J. “East Berlin Said to Agree to Holocaust Payments.”
Washington
Post, 19 October 1988, pp. 25-26.
This article is about the East German decision
to recompense Jewish survivors of war crimes while refusing to pay anything
to Romany survivors.
MARTINS-HEUSS, Kirsten. “Reflections on the Collective Identity of German
Roma and Sinti (Gypsies) After National Socialism.” Holocaust and Genocide
Studies, Vol. 4, No. 2 (1989), pp. 193-211.
This study, which draws on the author’s earlier
work “Zur mysthichen Figur des Zigeuners” in der deutschen Zigeunerforschung
(Frankfurt am Main: Haag und Herchen Verlag, 1983), centers around interviews
with survivors of the Romany Holocaust. Despite their suffering, these
victims retain a strong sense of Romany identity.
MEAGHER, Edmund Anthony. “Gypsies in Germany Make a Stand.” The Christian
Century, April 11, 1990, pp. 370-372.
The author explores the outburst in anti-Roma
violence in Germany in 1989-1990. Most of it was aimed at recently arrived
Romany immigrants who were fleeing similar mistreatment in Eastern Europe.
The article highlights efforts by the German Evangelical church to convince
government officials to grant the Roma special 5-year residency and work
permits. Perhaps the most tragic of these upheavals took place on October
2, 1989, when Hamburg police tried to displace a number of recently arrived
Roma who were camped out at the site of the former Neuengamme concentration
camp. Some of the Roma who were attacked by police in full battle gear
were survivors of the Holocaust.
MODE, H., and S. WOLFFLING. Zigeuner: Der Weg eines Volkes in Deutschland.
Leipzig: Koehler and Amelang, 1968.
This book explains the connection between modern
Romany problems and historic German-Roma relationships.
NOAKES, Jeremy. “Social Outcasts in Nazi Germany.” History Today
18 (1985); and New York Times, 17 September 1986.
This author makes the point that Roma have historically
been the target of German abuse and argues that the lesson of such injustice
and violence should never be forgotten.
POND, Elizabeth. “Romanies: Hitler’s Other Victims.” Christian Science
Monitor, 7 March 1980, p. 17.
This article examines the West German government
that called Romany demands for war crimes reparations unreasonable and
slanderous.
Survey of the Policy and Law Regarding Aliens in the Federal Republic
of Germany. Bonn: Federal Ministry of the Interior, 1992. Mentioned
in I. Fonseca’s Bury Me Standing.
This study of legislation concerning German immigration
tells of the difficulties faced by Roma in obtaining the status of legal
immigrant.
VOSSEN, Rudiger. Zigeuner: Roma, Sinti, Gitanos, Gypsies, zwischen Verfolgung
und Romatisierung. Frankfurt: Ullstein Fachbuch, 1983.
This explains the different tribal labels used
to distinguish the Roma. In Nazi Germany, for example, the Lalleri and
Sinti (see supra, Kueppers) were Aryan, at least to SS head Himmler, while
other Roma were condemned as racially stained.
WEISSENBRUCH, Johann Benjamin. Ausfuehrliche Relation von der famosen
Zigeuner - Diebs - Mord - und Rauberbande. Frankfurt and Leipzig, 1772.
This late 18th-century work describes the wholesale
murders of the Roma, specifically five pogroms which occurred across German
lands.