V. G. The Roma in Spain and Portugal  

ALFARO, Antonio Gomez. The Great Gypsy Round-Up. Gypsy Research Center/Editorial Presencia Gitana, Spain, 1993.
The book discusses the general imprisonment of 10,000-12,000 Spanish Roma during the reign of Ferdinand VI in July 1749, for the collective crime of being Gypsy.
AMADOR, Antonio Martinez. “Technical Racism and Transformation in Spanish Gypsy Society.” In Romani Language and Culture. Sarajevo: Institute za Proucavanje Nacionalnih Odnosa, 1989.
This is a report on anti-Roma incidents in Spain, where the Roma were the target of attempted expulsions and even lynchings.
BOHLEN, Celestine. “Spanish Martyr is First Gypsy Beatified by Catholic Church.” New York Times. May 5, 1997, pp. A1-A8.
This article discusses the beatification of Ceferino Jimenez Malla, El Pele, a Roma executed as a martyr to his faith during the Spainish Civil War. Beatification is only the first of the several steps to sainthood in the Catholic church.
COELHO, F.A. Os Ciganos de Portugal. Lisbon, 1892.
A work that contains theories about Romany origins in Portugal.
DONOVAN, B. M. “Changing Perceptions of Social Deviance: Gypsies in Early Modern Portugal and Brazil.” Journal of Social History, Vol. 26 (Fall 1992): pp. 33-53.
This work argues that the use of African slaves as forced labor in early Portugal and Brazil kept the Roma from suffering the horrible discrimination that they faced in other parts of Europe and Latin American.
GASSOL, Juan Castella. El problema Gitano. Madrid: Editorial ZYX, 1967.
The author writes about Romany racial inferiority, claiming that the Gypsies are for the Spanish what the Blacks are for the Yankees.
LOPEZ DE MENESES, A. La immigracion gitana en Espana en el siglo XV. Martinez Ferrando Archivero. Madrid: Asociacion nacional de bibliotecarios, archiveros y archeologos, 1968.
This is an account of the Romany migration in Spain in the 15th century.
YOORS, Jan. The Gypsies of Spain. New York: Macmillan, 1974.
This book, with photos by A. Lopez, is based on the author’s travels throughout Spain. He describes in some depth the life of the Roma in this country.


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